PUNCTUATION MARKS /PART 1/ENGLISH GRAMMAR

                     PUNCTUATION

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English Punctuation

Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences.

You use punctuation marks to structure and organise your writing. The most common of these are the period (or full stop in British English), the comma, the exclamation mark, the question mark, the colon and semi-colon, the quote, the apostrophe, the hyphen and dash, and parentheses and brackets. Capital letters are also used to help us organise meaning and to structure the sense of our writing.

You can quickly see why punctuation is important if you try and read this sentence which has no punctuation at all:

perhaps you dont always need to use commas periods colons etc to make sentences clear when i am in a hurry tired cold lazy or angry i sometimes leave out punctuation marks grammar is stupid i can write without it and dont need it my uncle Harry once said he was not very clever and i never understood a word he wrote to me i think ill learn some punctuation not too much enough to write to Uncle Harry he needs some help

Now let's see if punctuating it makes a difference!

Perhaps you don't always need to use commas, periods, colons etc.
 to make sentences clear.
When I am in a hurry, tired, cold, lazy, or angry I sometimes leave out punctuation marks.

"Grammar is stupid! I can write without it and don't need it."
 my uncle Harry once said.
He was not very clever and I never understood a word he wrote to me.
I think I'll learn some punctuation - not too much, enough to write to Uncle Harry.
 He needs some help!

Use the punctuation section to learn how to make your English clearer and better organised.

                        Full STOP

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 The 'Period', 'Full Stop' or 'Point'

The period (known as a full stop in British English) is probably the simplest of the punctuation marks to use.

You use it like a knife to cut the sentences to the required length. Generally, you can break up the sentences using the full stop at the end of a logical and complete thought that looks and sounds right to you.

Use the full stop

1. to mark the end of a sentence which is not a question or an exclamation.

➡Rome is the capital of Italy.
➡I was born in Australia and now live in Indonesia.
➡The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.

2. to indicate an abbreviation

➡I will be in between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m.

Note: Dr and Mr and Mrs and Ms do not take a full stop nor do most abbreviations taken from the first capital letters such as MA Phd CNN

3. special case - three dots

Often you will see a sentence concluding with three dots. This indicates that only part of the sentence or text has been quoted or that it is being left up to the reader to complete the rest of the sentence.

➡The Lord's Prayer begins, 'Our Father which are in Heaven...'

3. fullstop after a single word

Sometimes a single word can form the sentence.
In this case you place a fullstop after the word as you would in any other sentence.

➡"Goodbye.""Hello."

Note: This is often the case when the subject is understood as in a greeting or a command such as "Stop."

                  QUESTION MARK

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 The Question Mark

Use the question mark:

1. At the end of all direct questions

What is your name?
Do you speak Italian?
You're Spanish, aren't you?

2. Do not use the question mark for reported questions

He asked me what my name was.
She asked if I was Spanish.
Ask them where they are going.

General notes:

1. Don't forget to place a question mark at the end of long sentences that contain a question

Isn't it true that global warming is responsible for more and more problems which are having a disastrous effect on the world's climate and leading to many millions of people in countries that can least afford it having to contend with more and more hardship?

2. Sometimes a question mark can be placed within a sentence

There is cause for concern - isn't there?
 - that the current world economic balance is so fragile that it may lead to a global economic downturn.

                EXCLAMATION MARK

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 The Exclamation Mark

The exclamation mark is used to express exasperation,astonishment or surprise or to emphasise a comment or short, sharp phrase.

Examples

*Help! Help!That's unbelievable!Get out!Look out!

*You can also use it to mark a phrase as humourous, ironic or sarcastic.

1. What a lovely day! (when it obviously is not a lovely day)
2. That was clever! (when someone has done something stupid)

Some general remarks:

Don't overuse the exclamation markDon't include a series of exclamation marks

. E.g., I'll never get it right!!!!